Expand description
Risk mathematics: the hub every domain reads and writes.
Holds the Distribution and Severity traits, the parametric Lognormal, the
sampled representation Sampled, the shared risk measures,
Distortion risk measures and their allocation, copulas, extreme
value tails (evt) and PredictiveDistribution, the joint result
every model returns. The
discretized representation follows docs/design/distributions.md.
With the arrow feature, PredictiveDistribution reads and writes
Arrow IPC files; the format is described in ipc.
Re-exports§
pub use copula::Archimedean;pub use copula::ArchimedeanCopula;pub use copula::Copula;pub use copula::GaussianCopula;pub use copula::StudentTCopula;pub use counting::Binomial;pub use counting::Counting;pub use counting::NegativeBinomial;pub use counting::PanjerClass;pub use counting::Poisson;pub use custom::Custom;pub use dist::Dist;pub use dist::SeverityDist;pub use distortion::Distortion;pub use distribution::Distribution;pub use gamma::Gamma;pub use grid::Discretization;pub use grid::DiscretizationReport;pub use grid::Grid;pub use large_losses::LargeLosses;pub use local_pareto::LocalParetoApproximation;pub use local_pareto::LocalParetoConversion;pub use local_pareto::LogAffinePareto;pub use local_pareto::local_pareto_to_piecewise;pub use loglogistic::Loglogistic;pub use lognormal::Lognormal;pub use mixture::Mixture;pub use pareto::Pareto;pub use piecewise_pareto::PiecewisePareto;pub use piecewise_pareto::Truncation;pub use predictive::ComponentKey;pub use predictive::KeyValue;pub use predictive::PredictiveDistribution;pub use provenance::InputHasher;pub use provenance::Provenance;pub use sampled::Empirical;pub use sampled::Sampled;pub use severity::Severity;pub use tweedie::Tweedie;pub use weibull::Weibull;
Modules§
- capital
- Capital allocation and diversification for a joint
PredictiveDistribution. - copula
- Copulas: dependence between marginals, separate from the marginals.
- counting
- Claim-count (frequency) distributions on
0, 1, 2, …. - custom
Custom, a user-defined loss severity given by its cdf: the “slow path” ofdocs/design/distributions.md, through which a Python or R function enters the native calculations.- dist
Dist, the closed enum of every native distribution, for the places where the family is chosen at run time: the Python and R bindings, serialization and model outputs (docs/design/distributions.md, “Static vs dynamic dispatch”).- distortion
- Distortion risk measures:
ρ(X) = ∫ g(S(x)) dxfor a concave distortiongof the survival function, withg(0) = 0,g(1) = 1. - distribution
- The trait shared by every distribution representation.
- evt
- Extreme value tails: a generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) fitted to the exceedances over a threshold, for VaR and TVaR beyond the draws.
- gamma
- The gamma distribution.
- grid
- The discretized representation: probabilities on an evenly spaced grid.
- large_
losses - Large-loss data with the two usual defects, and maximum likelihood
fits of Pareto-family severities to it (see
docs/design/pareto.md). - local_
pareto - The log-affine local Pareto distribution: a local Pareto alpha that
rises linearly in the log of the amount (see
docs/design/pareto.md). - loglogistic
- The loglogistic (Fisk) distribution.
- lognormal
- The lognormal distribution.
- mixture
- Finite mixtures of severities.
- pareto
- The single-parameter (European) Pareto distribution, optionally
truncated: the standard large-loss severity in reinsurance pricing (see
docs/design/pareto.md). - piecewise_
pareto - Piecewise Pareto: a different Pareto alpha above each threshold, the
output of tower matching and the general large-loss model in
docs/design/pareto.md. - portfolio
- Building a portfolio from predictive distributions of different models: a reserve bootstrap by origin, premium risk by line, a reinsurance tower’s gross, ceded and net.
- predictive
- The joint predictive distribution every model returns.
- provenance
- Where a result came from: model, parameters, seed, versions and a hash of the input.
- risk
- Risk measures on sorted draws, and the exponential-utility measures (entropic, Esscher) on any draws.
- sampled
- The sampled representation: a distribution known only through draws.
- serial
- Saving and loading distributions:
Dist::to_jsonandDist::from_json, a versioned JSON document per distribution. - severity
- Operations on a loss severity that are exact for parametric (and later discretized) distributions: limited expected values, stop-loss and layers.
- tweedie
- The Tweedie distribution with power
1 < p < 2: compound Poisson with gamma severities. - weibull
- The Weibull distribution.